Coriander, also known as cilantro, is a versatile herb prized for its fresh, vibrant flavor. It’s a staple in many cuisines, from Latin American to Asian, and adds a burst of freshness to a wide range of dishes. Growing coriander at home in the UK is entirely feasible and can be an enjoyable and rewarding gardening project. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know to cultivate this herb successfully, from understanding its needs to harvesting your fresh leaves.
Understanding Coriander
What is Coriander?
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) is a fast-growing herb that is used both for its leaves and its seeds. The leaves, often referred to as cilantro in the US, are used fresh in salads, salsas, and as a garnish. The seeds, known as coriander seeds, are used as a spice in cooking and baking.
Ideal Growing Conditions
Coriander thrives in cooler climates, making it well-suited for UK weather. It prefers a temperate climate with mild temperatures and does not handle frost well. It grows best in temperatures ranging from 15°C to 20°C (59°F to 68°F). With the right care, you can enjoy fresh coriander from your own garden or windowsill throughout much of the year.
Getting Started with Coriander
Choosing the Right Varieties
For UK gardens, you can choose from several coriander varieties, but two common types are:
– Leaf Coriander: Grown primarily for its leaves and used fresh in cooking.
– Coriander for Seeds: Grown specifically for its seeds, which are used as a spice.
In this guide, we’ll focus on growing leaf coriander, which is ideal for regular harvesting and culinary use.
Sourcing Seeds
Coriander seeds are widely available from garden centers, nurseries, and online retailers. Choose high-quality seeds from a reputable supplier to ensure good germination and robust plants. Look for varieties that are well-suited to cooler climates and offer resistance to bolting (going to seed prematurely).
Planting Coriander
Preparing the Soil
Coriander prefers well-drained soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0 to 7.0). If your soil is heavy or clay-like, consider mixing in some compost or well-rotted manure to improve drainage and fertility. Raised beds or containers with good drainage holes are also excellent options for growing coriander.
Sowing Seeds
You can start coriander from seeds either directly in the garden or in containers. Here’s how to sow seeds:
1. Outdoor Sowing:
– Wait until the risk of frost has passed and the soil has warmed up.
– Sow seeds directly into prepared soil, about 1 cm deep and 15 cm apart.
– Lightly cover the seeds with soil and water gently.
2. Indoor Sowing:
– Start seeds in seed trays or pots filled with seed compost.
– Sow seeds about 1 cm deep and space them 10-15 cm apart.
– Cover lightly and keep moist until germination.
Germination and Seedling Care
Coriander seeds typically take 1 to 2 weeks to germinate. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Once seedlings emerge, thin them to prevent overcrowding. In outdoor gardens, ensure that plants have enough space for good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases.
Caring for Coriander Plants
Light Requirements
Coriander prefers full sun to partial shade. In the UK, where sunlight can be limited, ensure that your plants receive at least 4-6 hours of sunlight per day. If growing indoors, place pots in a sunny spot, such as a south-facing window.
Watering
Regular watering is crucial for healthy coriander plants. Keep the soil consistently moist, especially during dry spells. Avoid letting the soil dry out completely, but also ensure good drainage to prevent waterlogging, which can lead to root rot.
Fertilizing
Coriander does not require heavy feeding. A light application of balanced fertilizer or compost once a month is usually sufficient. Over-fertilizing can lead to lush foliage at the expense of flavor and can encourage bolting.
Managing Common Problems
Pests and Diseases
Coriander is generally resistant to pests and diseases but can occasionally encounter issues:
– Aphids: Small insects that can be controlled with insecticidal soap or by introducing beneficial insects like ladybugs.
– Powdery Mildew: A fungal disease that appears as a white powder on leaves. Improve air circulation and avoid overhead watering to reduce risk.
Bolting
Coriander is prone to bolting, especially in hot weather. To prevent this, try to maintain consistent moisture levels and avoid letting plants get too stressed. In the UK, bolting is less of an issue due to cooler temperatures, but it can still occur during hot spells.
Harvesting and Using Coriander
When to Harvest
You can start harvesting coriander leaves when the plants are about 10-15 cm tall. For the best flavor, pick leaves before the plant begins to flower. Regular harvesting will also encourage the plant to produce more leaves.
How to Harvest
Use scissors or garden shears to cut leaves just above the base of the plant. Avoid removing more than one-third of the plant at a time to allow for continued growth. If harvesting for seeds, wait until the plant has flowered and the seeds have turned brown and dry before collecting.
Preserving Coriander
Coriander leaves can be used fresh or preserved. To freeze, chop the leaves and mix them with a bit of water or olive oil in ice cube trays. Once frozen, transfer the cubes to a freezer bag for convenient, ready-to-use portions.
Growing Coriander in Containers
Container Gardening Tips
Coriander is well-suited to container gardening, making it ideal for small spaces or indoor environments. Choose a container with good drainage holes and fill it with quality potting mix. Ensure the container is large enough to accommodate the plant’s root system—about 20-30 cm in diameter is ideal.
Indoor Growing Conditions
If growing indoors, provide supplemental lighting if natural light is insufficient. A grow light can help simulate sunlight and encourage healthy growth. Keep the container in a spot that maintains the preferred temperature range and water regularly.
Conclusion
Growing coriander at home in the UK is a rewarding and practical way to enjoy fresh herbs year-round. With its relatively low maintenance needs and adaptability to cooler climates, coriander is an excellent choice for both novice and experienced gardeners. By following this guide, you’ll be well on your way to cultivating a thriving coriander patch, whether in your garden, on your balcony, or in your kitchen. Enjoy the fresh, aromatic leaves in your dishes and savor the satisfaction of homegrown herbs.
